I have tried sticking Judas trees in pots a few times with no luck. I don't know if they want big room for roots or what.
I would put it in a bigger pot for a couple of years, put it outside, and let it grow. While it is growing I would research what it wants in terms of root space, fertilizer, etc. Around here they do just fine in southern summers, but I don't know what they need for winter.
But, as I said, I have had no luck with them, so my advice might not be good.