This is the first bonsai I've ever gotten, I looked on the common bonsai species pictures and couldn't really see a resemblance in them, the leaves remind me of ferns, but it also has white fuzzy little flower type things growing ontop of it and the branches have sharp thorns on them (which was odd to me)

Two pictures of it should be attached below (for some reason they're sideways, sorry), I hope it's not too dark. Help is much appreciated! Thank you.

Why did you not ask the person you got it from? The pictures do not help much, I am not sure what it is

Chinese Pepper (zanthoxylum piperitum)

I agree with auk but I also think it is either a japan pepper or a rowan tree.

Jaimin