I dont know much about the temperatures in northeast USA. But Norway spruce is native to the very north of Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia. It can handle temperature of -20 and below. Just put the pot on the ground, If you get snow, make sure the whole pot and tree is covered.
I have no experience with rocky Mountain pine. But a quick Google gives me a hunch it can be kept in the same way.
The pot you are using is good for now. If you want to create a bonsai in less than a life time it will need to be repotted to a huge pot or in the ground within a few years.